The word erosion is derived from the latin rodere meaning to gnaw, the same root that gives us the word rodent. Wind erosion is a threat to agriculture and the earths natural resources. The main agents of erosion are water, wind and gravity. The best way to conserve soil moisture and prevent wind erosion is to leave as much crop residue cover as possible during the fallow period. Wind deposition most common, needs constant wind in the same direction. Wind deposition common in coast, moderate winds parabolic dune 6. Ppt soil erosion powerpoint presentation free to view. Soil may blow into, within, and out of a field in several directions in a single storm. Rainwater in the form of runoff is the main driver of water erosion. Erosion and deposition by wind earth science in maine. Erosion occurs at the earths surface, and has no effect on the earths mantle and core.
This nebguide discusses how wind erosion occurs and presents methods for reducing wind erosion on land devoted to crop production. Erosion occurs when soil is left exposed to rain drop or wind energy. Wind causes small particles to be lifted and moved away. Pdf reader for windows 7 free download and software. By the late 1930s, systematic and scientific research into wind erosion was being pioneered in california, south dakota, texas, and in canada and england. Sometimes water flows as a sheet over large areas down a slope. The three types of soil movement are suspension, saltation and surface creep.
Wind erosion is where the lose soil in dry areas is eroded by the wind and the soil is blown away, causing air pollution, loss of nutrients and other issues. Wind can erode nonvegetated areas and was responsible for the great dust bowl in the early 1900s. The classes of accelerated erosion that follow apply to both water and wind erosion. Value 1 this form of erosion is no longer visible after cultivation ploughing, hoeing etc. You may not see it taking place, but the next time there is a heavy rain, with permission, take a walk through your neighborhood. A method is outlined using the conservation of mass and momentum principles showing. The processes are always occurring naturally throughout the world. Lyon, extension dryland crops specialist, and john a. Dregne soil erosion is the main reason why desertification is irreversible. This information is provided by the usda engineering and wind erosion research unit in. A mechanistic model for river incision into bedrock by saltating bed load pdf.
Wind erosion weps soil erosion by wind is a serious problem in the united states and the world. Agricultural land is significantly affected by wind erosion, which leads to. There is no such thing as a free biofuel from crop residues. Geography detailed contents list geography pdf sample file 3 mb geography print friendly pdf sample file 3 mb geography related current affairs may 2019 500 kb geography. Aug 27, 2011 types and causes of wind erosion is explained. What is the difference between erosion and deposition.
It is the result of nearly 30 years of research to determine the primary variables or factors that influence erosion of soil by wind. While thats about the limit of what pdf reader for windows 7 does, thats what most users need in a free pdf reader, and is similar to the capabilities of other tools of its type. Section 1 weathering and soil formation main idea many factors, such as weathering, climate, and time, affect soil formation. The adobe flash plugin is needed to view this content. One of americas worst environmental disasters happened on the prairies of the southern great plains. Apr 11, 2020 wind erosion is a natural process by which landforms are altered by the action of wind. These sources typically are characterized by nonhomogeneous surfaces impregnated with nonerodible elements particles larger than approximately 1 centimeter cm in. In the previous articles, we have been discussing various exogenic geomorphic agents like water running water and groundwater and glaciers. The critical wind erosion period is that part of the year when agricultural fields are particularly vulnerable to wind erosion. After reading this article you will learn about wind erosion. Particle dynamics are described in terms of suspension, saltation, surface creep, abrasion, sorting and threshold conditions. Modeling water and wind erosion is important to understanding the processes governing soil erosion, predicting runoff and soil erosion.
Most of the energy that makes erosion happen is provided by the sun. Causes of wind erosion bare, unprotected soil is extremely vulnerable to wind erosion erosion occurs with strong, turbulent winds blowing across a soil surface that. The direction, velocity, duration, and variability of the wind all affect the erosion that occurs from a windstorm. They suggest locating livestock watering facilities on nonerodible soil. Identifying areas sensitive to wind erosiona case study. Integrated spatial assessment of wind erosion risk in hungary. The threshold wind velocities at different distances downwind from porous fences were measured and the corresponding characteristics of particle movement observed to assess their shelter effect. When the force of wind is exerted on a land surface, the soil moves. Tables listing the prevailing wind erosion direction by month for many locations in the united states are available see nrcs weq web site address at the end of this document. A dramatic example of this was the wind erosion in kansas during the. Susceptibility to wind erosion is related rather definitely to the moisture content of soils. Wind erosion and deposition science project by ryan huang on.
Wind erosion is simply the removal of soil particles from the surface of the land and transporting them to another location. Cole member asae abstract relating the various damaging effects of soil erosion by wind to the appropriate measures of the erosion process are critical for controlling and estimating the probable damage. Download free acrobat reader dc software, the only pdf viewer that lets you read, search, print, and interact with virtually any type of pdf file. Geography notes pdf for upsc ias civil services exam environment notes for upsc ias gs1, gs3 books for upsc ias civil services examination books for geography optional upsc ias cse geography pdf sample files. Erosion is a natural process but is often intensified by human land use practices. Wind erosion is a natural process that moves soil from one location to another by wind power. Water erosion is the wearing away of the soil surface by water from rain, runoff, snowmelt, and irrigation.
Although we cant see it, wind is a powerful force that affects the earths surface all the time. Wind erosion of sandy coastal soils is often overlooked and can be a major source of. Jun 14, 2011 an educational programme for the subject wind erosion. This leaflet explains the different types of erosion on the north coast. Wind is the weakest agent in shaping the land, but can be powerful in shaping the land in areas where there are few plants to hold the soil in place. Causes of wind erosion bare, unprotected soil is extremely vulnerable to wind erosion erosion occurs with strong, turbulent winds blowing across a soil surface that is smooth, loose, dry and finely granulated. Wind erosion refers to the detachment, transport, and deposition of sediment by wind.
These documents should be referred to and used for all data recording and submission as part of network activities. It is a dynamic, physical process where loose, dry, bare soils are transported by strong winds. The objective was to transfer soil information from maps into digital format, with the maximum resolution possible and to preserve the. Dust storms like the one in figure above are more common in dry climates. Bare fields are especially at risk of wind erosion in late winter and spring at the end of the fallow period, and immediately after seeding of the next crop. Wind erosion is a natural process where the soil is moved, carried, and transported by the force of the wind from one place to another. It used to be a volcano, but now all that remains is the solidified, lava core. It can cause significant economic and environmental damage. Wind erosion can be a threat to agriculture productivity and the sustainability of the earths natural resources. Development of the wind erosion equation drought and wind erosion during the l9th century caused wind erosion to be recognized as an important geologic phenomenon. Wind erosion wind erosion is the form of soil degradation by the action of the wind which abrades, transports and deposes soil sand particles.
Several bmps protect the soil surface like vegetative covers ss2, ss4, and ss15, buffer or. The fallowed land in the northern sections is seeded in spring about 20 months after the pre vious crop was harvested. Irrigation water management soilwaterplant relationships effective and efficient irrigation begins with a basic understanding of the relationships among soil, water, and plants. The revised wind erosion equation rweq poorly predicted maximum mass transport and so spatial predictions of mass. Soil erosion is the displacement of the upper layer of soil, it is one form of soil degradation. Sep, 2012 wind speed and the length of time the wind blows aremajor factors in wind erosion. Jul 30, 2016 wind erosion is controlled by reducing the wind forces on erodible soil particles or by creating aggregates on soil surfaces that are. Wind is an element that speeds the erosion process. Sediment erosion in hydraulic turbines by hari prasad neopane, ole gunnar dahlhaug, michel cervantes. The wind erosion equation was developed by the late dr. Wind erosion wind erosion is the removal soil particles 9small pieces by the force and energy. Wind erosion risk mapped in first ever paneuropean assessment.
It is a geological process, and part of the rock cycle. The landscapes of the world are built partly through processes of erosion and deposition, carried out by physical forces like a churning whitewater river, the longshore drift of coastal currents, a gargantuan glacier or a howling wind. It includes a lesson plan and a student sheet to fill in during the activity. Vegeta tion can regenerate from a degraded state as long as the seed stock remains viable and there is soil for seeds to germinate and grow in.
Wind speed and the length of time the wind blows aremajor factors in wind erosion. Wind erosion is a common cause of land degradation in the arid and semi arid grazing lands of inland queensland. The wind was powerful enough to cut away an entire volcano. What is the most effective agent of physical weathering and erosion. Information recallsee how much you know about wind erosion and the effect it has on the. Wind moves across the land in a turbulent, erratic fashion. This natural process is caused by the dynamic activity of erosive agents, that is, water, ice glaciers, snow, air wind, plants, animals, and humans. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. An overview of the wind erosion prediction system introduction soil erosion by wind is a serious problem in the united states and the world. The wind erosion prediction system click here to download weps and sweep researcherdeveloper public release click here to download weps nrcstsp configuration detailed overview of weps pdf format requires a pdf reader a history of wind erosion prediction models in the usda. In order to be transported, threshold velocity of the wind is needed.
The first wind erosion equation was a simple exponential expressing the amount of soil loss in a wind tunnel. Wind erosion lesson plan and handson activity this is a science activity on wind erosion. Erosion is a process where natural forces like water, wind, ice, and gravity wear away rocks and soil. Erosion preceded by the destruction of the crumb structure due to the impact of falling raindrop on the surface of soil is termed as splash erosion. Wind erosion control we1 definition and purpose wind erosion control consists of applying water or other dust suppressants as necessary to prevent soil erosion. Wind blows loose soil off flat or sloping land known as wind erosion. In this post, we discuss in detail how the wind and the waves cause the evolution of various landforms on the earth surface. As of today we have 78,667,427 ebooks for you to download for free. The extent of movement depends on the amount of soil moved depends on the size of the soil particles, the cloddiness.
Dry, bare soil is more easily blown away by the wind than wetter soil or soil held in place by plant roots. Wind can dislodge and transport soil, silt and sand particles, sometimes carrying them long distances and depositing them in other areas, and it can wear down surfaces by the. Air differs from other erosional forces because it cannot pick up heavy sediments. It is the fairly uniform removal of soil in thin layers from the land surface, often scarcely perceptible, especially when caused by wind. Students will be able to describe how wind causes weathering and erosion. Engineers have identified the most effective way for preventing wind erosion. Section 2 erosion of earths surface main idea all agents of erosion, such as gravity, ice, wind, and water, change earths surface.
If possible, chop and evenly spread crop residues using the combine. Construction stormwater erosion and sediment control manual. Basic wind erosion processes are discussed under the major headings of soil particle dynamics, particle flow rates, and principles and general strategies of control. It refers to the movement of soil organic and inorganic particles along the soil surface with flowing water and deposition of the eroded materials at lower landscape. Types of wind erosion landforms caused by wind erosion different types of these landforms skills practiced. In earth science, erosion is the action of surface processes that removes soil, rock, or dissolved.
Weathering breaks down and loosens the surface minerals of rock so they can be transported away by agents of erosion such as water, wind and ice. This page provides access to all manuals, data recording sheets and documentation for the national wind erosion research network. They are not applicable to landslip or tunnel erosion. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Types and forms of erosion by water and by wind anne x 1 1. We have seen the evolution of landforms due to these agents. Wind sediments that have been transported by wind appear pitted holes and frosted glazed effective in moving small, loose material occurs in areas where there is not enough rainfall to support vegetation main effects. Water and wind erosion are the two primary causes of land degradation. Setting targets for national landcare program monitoring and reporting vegetation cover for australia. Wind erosion can be caused by a light wind that rolls soil particles along the surface through to a strong wind that lifts a large volume of soil particles into the air to create dust storms. Wind erosion modelling in a sahelian environment utrecht. Wind erosion equation weq recent changes to weq a slide presentation download the powerpoint presentation 1.
Ppt soil erosion powerpoint presentation free to view id. It renders soil less productive by removing the most fertile part of the soil, namely, the clays and organic matter. Natural erosion and soil formation are part of the geologic processes that shape the face of the earth. Figure 4f2 illustrates the onfarm hydrologic cycle for irrigated lands, and table 4f1 provides definitions of several terms associated with irrigation. It is one of the processes leading to desertification. Mechanical weathering is the disintegration of rock into smaller and smaller fragments. This can leave these fields very susceptible to wind erosion. This video will help you better understand the problems associated with wind erosion of soil. It is found that the fences porosity is the key factor that determines the resulting shelter effect. Over 3,754 wind erosion pictures to choose from, with no signup needed. You will notice the rain water moving through areas like a stream carrying debris such. There are various methods of biological and physical methods to control wind erosion, including windbreakers, maintaining vegetation residues on the soil surface, utilizing stable soil aggregates or clods, reducing field width.
Wind erosion is widespread on agricultural land in the. May 31, 2006 porous fence is a kind of artificial windbreak that has many practical applications. As with the other crop production systems, the best way to control wind erosion on irrigated land is to maintain a crop residue cover by reducing or eliminating tillage. These actions depend mainly on the type of soil, the climate, the vegetation cover, the speed and frequency of wind. Water and wind are the two main mechanisms by which soil is eroded and transported. Wind erosion susceptibility of hungarian soils was mapped on the national level integrating three factors of the complex phenomenon.
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